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Tag: STEP 1

  • Methotrexate Aspect Results, Mechanism of Motion, and Indications

    Methotrexate Aspect Results, Mechanism of Motion, and Indications

    #Methotrexate #Aspect #Results #Mechanism #Motion #Indications
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    Methotrexate stays a cornerstone within the remedy of rheumatoid arthritis and different rheumatic ailments. Folate antagonism is understood to contribute to the antiproliferative results which are vital within the motion of methotrexate towards malignant ailments, however concomitant administration of folic or folinic acid doesn’t diminish the anti-inflammatory potential of this agent, which means that different mechanisms of motion could be operative. Though no single mechanism is adequate to account for all of the anti-inflammatory actions of methotrexate, the discharge of adenosine from cells has been demonstrated each in vitro and in vivo. Methotrexate may also confer anti-inflammatory properties by way of the inhibition of polyamines. (See quotation beneath)

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    Matter References
    —————————————————
    🌎https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/remedy/treatment-plan/disease-management/methotrexate-managing-side-effects
    🌎https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682019.html
    🌎https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/methotrexate/

    Description’s Quotation
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    Chan ES, Cronstein BN. Methotrexate–how does it actually work? Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010 Mar;6(3):175-8. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.5. PMID: 20197777

    Music Credit score
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    Title: Ticker by Silent Accomplice
    Title: All the time Dreaming by Inside Attain
    Title: Drift by Drift

    Software program and {Hardware}
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    Microphone: Blue Yeti X Skilled Condenser
    Audio Software program: Adobe Audition CC 2020
    Video Software program: Filmora-X and Adobe After Results CS 6
    Thumbnail Software program: Adobe Photoshop CS 6

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  • Menopause Signs, Remedy, and Tips

    Menopause Signs, Remedy, and Tips

    #Menopause #Signs #Remedy #Tips
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    Menopause is the everlasting cessation of menses for 12 months ensuing from estrogen deficiency and isn’t related to a pathology. The median age of menopause is 51. Most ladies expertise vasomotor signs, however menopause impacts many different areas of the physique corresponding to urogenital, psychogenic, and cardiovascular. This text will evaluate hormonal and non-hormonal therapies, in addition to problems of menopause. Sufferers live longer, and ladies are spending as much as one-third of their lives in post-menopause (See quotation beneath)

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    Matter References
    —————————————————
    🌎https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html#:~:textual content=Menopausepercent20ispercent20thepercent20timepercent20in,apercent20periodpercent20forpercent20onepercent20year.
    🌎https://www.nia.nih.gov/well being/what-menopause
    🌎https://www.nhs.uk/circumstances/menopause/

    Description’s Quotation
    —————————————————
    Peacock Ok, Ketvertis KM. Menopause. [Updated 2020 Nov 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan

    Music Credit score
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    Title: Ticker by Silent Associate
    Title: All the time Dreaming by Inside Attain
    Title: Drift by Drift

    Software program and {Hardware}
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    Microphone: Blue Yeti X Skilled Condenser
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  • Meningitis – Signs, Causes, and Remedy

    Meningitis – Signs, Causes, and Remedy

    #Meningitis #Signs #Remedy
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    Meningitis is outlined as irritation of the meninges. The meninges are the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that line the vertebral canal and cranium enclosing the mind and spinal wire. Encephalitis, then again, is irritation of the mind itself.
    Meningitis might be brought on by infectious and non-infectious processes (autoimmune issues, most cancers/paraneoplastic syndromes, drug reactions).
    The infectious etiologic brokers of meningitis embrace micro organism, viruses, fungi, and fewer generally parasites. (See quotation beneath)

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    🦠 Microbiology App
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    🥼 Bodily Examination App
    https://play.google.com/retailer/apps/particulars?id=com.oscess.pess

    Matter References
    —————————————————
    🌎https://www.who.int/health-topics/meningitis
    🌎https://www.healthline.com/well being/meningitis#:~:textual content=Meningitispercent20ispercent20anpercent20inflammationpercent20of,arepercent20viralpercent20andpercent20bacterialpercent20infections.
    🌎https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/index.html
    🌎https://www.nhs.uk/situations/meningitis/

    Description’s Quotation
    —————————————————
    Hersi Okay, Gonzalez FJ, Kondamudi NP. Meningitis. [Updated 2020 Nov 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan

    Music Credit score
    —————————————————
    Title: Ticker by Silent Associate
    Title: At all times Dreaming by Inside Attain
    Title: Drift by Drift

    Software program and {Hardware}
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    Microphone: Blue Yeti X Skilled Condenser
    Audio Software program: Adobe Audition CC 2020
    Video Software program: Filmora-X and Adobe After Results CS 6
    Thumbnail Software program: Adobe Photoshop CS 6

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  • Heparin Mnemonic for USMLE

    Heparin Mnemonic for USMLE

    #Heparin #Mnemonic #USMLE
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    Examine this Heparin mnemonic and different mnemonics with Pixorize.

    Heparin is an anticoagulant drug used to stop blood clotting in a wide range of totally different medical contexts. Heparin works by activating antithrombin, which then goes on to inhibit a number of clotting elements. Particularly, the activated types of elements 2 and 10 are inhibited. This results in anticoagulation, which is measured or monitored by an elevation of PTT. In distinction to different anticoagulants, Heparin is taken into account to be secure to make use of throughout being pregnant. Potential unintended effects of heparin embrace extreme bleeding, and Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia, or HIT. In HIT, antibodies are produced towards a heparin-platelet-factor 4 advanced. This prompts platelets, inflicting a pro-thrombotic state that consumes or makes use of up platelets whereas lowering platelet counts. Importantly, heparin’s results may be reversed by administering protamine sulfate.

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    Examine interactive picture: https://pixorize.com/view/6307

    #USMLE #Step1 #Pharm #heparin #bloodclot
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  • Serotonin Syndrome – Medicines That Causes It

    Serotonin Syndrome – Medicines That Causes It

    #Serotonin #Syndrome #Medicines
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    Serotonin syndrome is a probably life-threatening syndrome that’s precipitated by means of serotonergic medicine and overactivation of each the peripheral and central postsynaptic 5HT-1A and, most notably, 5HT-2A receptors. This syndrome consists of a mixture of psychological standing modifications, neuromuscular hyperactivity, and autonomic hyperactivity.
    Serotonin syndrome can happen by way of the therapeutic use of serotonergic medicine alone, an intentional overdose of serotonergic medicine, or classically, on account of a posh drug interplay between two serotonergic medicine that work by completely different mechanisms. A large number of drug combos may end up in serotonin syndrome. (See quotation beneath)

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    🥼 Bodily Examination App
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    Matter References
    —————————————————
    🌎https://www.uptodate.com/contents/serotonin-syndrome-serotonin-toxicity
    🌎https://www.nps.org.au/australian-prescriber/articles/serotonin-syndrome
    🌎https://www.healthnavigator.org.nz/health-a-z/s/serotonin-syndrome/
    🌎https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007272.htm

    Description’s Quotation
    —————————————————
    Volpi-Abadie J, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Serotonin syndrome. Ochsner J. 2013;13(4):533-540

    Music Credit score
    —————————————————
    Title: Ticker by Silent Accomplice
    Title: All the time Dreaming by Inside Attain
    Title: Drift by Drift

    Software program and {Hardware}
    —————————————————
    Microphone: Blue Yeti X Skilled Condenser
    Audio Software program: Adobe Audition CC 2020
    Video Software program: Filmora-X and Adobe After Results CS 6
    Thumbnail Software program: Adobe Photoshop CS 6

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  • Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome – Drugs That Causes It

    Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome – Drugs That Causes It

    #Neuroleptic #Malignant #Syndrome #Drugs
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    Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening idiosyncratic response to antipsychotic medicine characterised by fever, altered psychological standing, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction. It has been related to just about all neuroleptics, together with newer atypical antipsychotics, in addition to quite a lot of different medicines that have an effect on central dopaminergic neurotransmission. Though unusual, NMS stays a vital consideration within the differential prognosis of sufferers presenting with fever and psychological standing modifications as a result of it requires immediate recognition to forestall vital morbidity and dying. Remedy contains instantly stopping the offending agent and implementing supportive measures, in addition to pharmacological interventions in additional extreme circumstances. Sustaining vigilant consciousness of the medical options of NMS to diagnose and deal with the dysfunction early, nevertheless, stays crucial technique by which physicians can maintain mortality charges low and enhance affected person outcomes. (See quotation beneath)

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    🥼 Bodily Examination App
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    Matter References
    —————————————————
    🌎https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome
    🌎https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/information/what-is-neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome#1
    🌎https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome/

    Description’s Quotation
    —————————————————
    Berman BD. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a evaluate for neurohospitalists. Neurohospitalist. 2011;1(1):41-47. doi:10.1177/1941875210386491

    Music Credit score
    —————————————————
    Title: Ticker by Silent Accomplice
    Title: All the time Dreaming by Inside Attain
    Title: Drift by Drift

    Software program and {Hardware}
    —————————————————
    Microphone: Blue Yeti X Skilled Condenser
    Audio Software program: Adobe Audition CC 2020
    Video Software program: Filmora-X and Adobe After Results CS 6
    Thumbnail Software program: Adobe Photoshop CS 6

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