Dysplasia
- A degree of failure of maturation of a tissue associated with a tendency to aneuploidy and pleomorphism but without the capacity to spread
- An abnormality of development of tissue in which fibrous or other non-specialised tissue is present instead of the expected tissue
Causes of dysplasia
- Chemicals
- Smoking
- Alcohol (larynx, stomach)
- Viruses
- HPV 16,18
- Specific chronic inflammation
- UC
- Non-specific chronic inflammation
- Cystitis leading to bladder carcinoma
Sites of Dysplasia
- Respiratory tract
- Bronchus: in relation to smoking
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Oesophagus - in relation to candidiasis or other chronic irritation with results in squamous dysplasia
- Oesophagus: Barrett's oesophagus - glandular dysplasia
- Stomach: H.pylori infection
- Large bowel: ulcerative colitis
- Urogenital tract
- Cervix: CIN
Histological featurs
- Multilayering (of a columnar or cuboidal) epithelium
- Mitotic figures - increased in number, presence of abnormal mitoses
- Pleomorphism
- Hyperchromatism
- Loss of cell-cell adhesion resulting in shedding
- No invasion of basement membrane