Effects of tumours

 

Cachexia (IL1, TNFa related)

Primary / Local effects

  • Pressure effects
  • Obstruction/compression
  • Haemorrhage
  • Infection leading to septicaemia
  • Infarction (torsion of polyp)
  • Pathological fractures
  • Biochemical/hormonal abnormalities

Metastatic effects

 

Paraneoplastic manifestations

  • Syndrome in which there are symptoms and signs caused by a neoplasm other than by its direct involvement, metastatic spread

Classification

  1. Endocrine
    • Cushing's syndrome
    • ADH secretion
    • PTHrP
    • Carcinoid syndrome
  2. Haematological
    • Polycythaemia
    • DIC
    • Thrombocythaemia
  3. Dermatological
    • Acanthosis nigricans
    • Dermatomyositis
    • Erythema gyratum repens
    • Erythroderma
    • Clubbing
  4. Neuromuscular
    • Polymyositis
    • Myopathies - Myasthenia, GBS