Diabetes Mellitus

Due to absolute / relative insulin resistance

 [Pancreas]

Diagnosis

1. History: polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss
2. Plus:
   • RPG: >11.1
   • FPG: > 7.0
   • GTT: >11.1 2 hours after 75g oral glucose

Complications

1. Arterial disease
2. Renal disease
3. Skin disease
4. Anaesthetic complications
5. Eye disease: cataracts, retinopathy, infections
6. Bone/Joint disease - septic arthritis, osteomyelitis
7. Systemic: immune deficiency

Clinical Features

1. Skin
   • Necrobiosis lipodica diabeticorum
   • Leg ulcers
   • Fat atrophy
   • Skin infection
2. Eyes
   • Diabetic retinopathy
   • Cataracts
3. Peripheral vascular
   • Amputations
   • Gangrene
4. Neurological
   • Charcot's joint
   • Diabetic neuropathy - dorsal column disease
5. Renal disease
   • Skin pigmentation
   • Hypertension
   • AV fistulae