#Anatomy #Center #cranial #Fossa
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Center cranial fossa
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The center cranial fossa (latin: fossa cranii media) is a area of the interior cranial base between the anterior and posterior cranial fossae, it lies deeper and is wider than the anterior cranial fossa.

The ground of the center cranial fossa is shaped by the physique and higher wings of the sphenoid, the squamous a part of the temporal bone, and the anterior floor of the petrous a part of the temporal bone.

The boundaries of the center cranial fossa are shaped anteriorly by the lesser wings and a part of the physique of the sphenoid, posteriorly by the superior borders of the petrous a part of the temporal bone and the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid, laterally by the squamous elements of the temporal bones, the parietal bones, and the higher wings of the sphenoid.

Borders
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These are the borders of the center cranial fossa:

anteromedial: limbus of the sphenoid;
anterolateral: lesser wings and a part of the physique of the sphenoid;
posteromedial: dorsum sellae of the sphenoid;
posterolateral: superior margin of the petrous a part of the temporal bone;
lateral: squamous elements of the temporal and parietal bones;
inferior: physique and higher wings of the sphenoid, squamous and petrous elements of the temporal bone.

Contents
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The center cranial fossa accommodates the next anatomical constructions:

pituitary gland,
temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.

Openings
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There are various openings within the center cranial fossa connecting it to different elements of the cranium, these are the next:

optic canal,
superior orbital fissure,
foramen rotundum,
foramen ovale,
foramen spinosum,
foramen lacerum,
carotid canal,
hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve,
hiatus for higher petrosal nerve.
The pair of optic canals join the center cranial fossa with the orbits and transmit the optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries.

The paired superior orbital fissure additionally connects this fossa with the orbit and transmits the oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic and abducens nerves, the ophthalmic veins, and sympathetic fibers.

The foramen rotundum is a paired connection between the center cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa transmitting the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.

The foramen ovale is a paired opening that connects the center cranial fossa with the exterior floor of the cranial base and the infratemporal fossa. The foramen ovale transmits the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, the lesser petrosal nerve, the accent meningeal department of the maxillary artery, and an emissary vein.

The paired foramen spinosum connects the center cranial fossa with the infratemporal fossa. It transmits the center meningeal artery, vein and the meningeal department of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

The foramen lacerum is a paired opening between the center cranial fossa and the exterior floor of the cranial base. The foramen lacerum is full of cartilage after start and it transmits the artery and nerve of the pterygoid canal.

The carotid canal and the hiatuses of the lesser and higher petrosal nerves are paired openings within the temporal bone.

The carotid canal connects the center cranial fossa to the exterior cranial base and carries the interior carotid artery.

The hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve transmits the named nerve to the tympanic cavity.

The hiatus for the higher petrosal nerve transmits the higher petrosal nerve and the petrosal department of the center meningeal artery from the facial canal to the center cranial fossa.

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